Modelo:

Actualização:

2 times per day, from 10:00 and 23:00 UTC

Greenwich Mean Time:

12:00 UTC = 12:00 WET

Resolution:

0.2° x 0.2°

parâmetro:

Sea Level Pressure in hPa (solid lines) and equivalent potential temperature at 700 hPa (dashed and coloured)

Descrição:

The equivalent potential temperature map - updated every 6 hours - shows the modelled equivalent potential temperature at the 850hPa level. The equivalent potential temperature is commonly referred to as Theta-e (θe). θe is the temperature of a parcel of air after it was lifted until it became saturated with water vapour (adibatically). When this parcel becomes saturated and condensation begins, the process of condensation releases latent heat into the surrounding air. This latent heat further warms the air making the air even more buoyant. We refer to this as a moist adiabatic or saturated adiabatic process. Moist adiabatic expansion increases the instability of the parcel. If this process of moist adiabatic expansion continues, all of the water may condense out of the rising parcel and precipitate out, yielding a dry parcel, and is dropped adiabatically to an atmospheric pressure of 1000 hPa. The potential temperature of that new dry parcel is called the equivalent potential temperature (θe) of the original moist parcel
In meteorology θe is used to indicate areas with unstable and thus positively buoyant air. The θe of an air parcel increases with increasing temperature and increasing dewpoint as for the latter more latent heat that can be released. Therefore, in a region with adequate instability, areas of relatively high θe (called θe ridges) are often the burst points for thermodynamically induced thunderstorms and MCS's. θe ridges can often be found in those areas experiencing the greatest warm air advection and moisture advection. (source: the weather prediction Keep in mind that if a strong cap is in place, convective storms will not occur even if θe is high.
As different origins of airmasses largely determine their own θe, one can use this parameter as a marker. Fronts are easily seen as steep gradients in θe. The boundary layer θe shows where fronts are located near the surface, while 700 hPa θe shows where they are near the 3000 m level. In winter it occurs often that warm fronts do not penetrate into the heavy, cold airmass near the surface.

COAMPS:^®

The Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS^®) has been developed by the Marine Meteorology Division (MMD) of the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). The atmospheric components of COAMPS^®, described below, are used operationally by the U.S. Navy for short-term numerical weather prediction for various regions around the world.

The atmospheric portion of COAMPS^® represents a complete three-dimensional data assimilation system comprised of data quality control, analysis, initialization, and forecast model components. Features include a globally relocatable grid, user-defined grid resolutions and dimensions, nested grids, an option for idealized or real-time simulations, and code that allows for portability between mainframes and workstations. The nonhydrostatic atmospheric model includes predictive equations for the momentum, the non-dimensional pressure perturbation, the potential temperature, the turbulent kinetic energy, and the mixing ratios of water vapor, clouds, rain, ice, grauple, and snow, and contains advanced parameterizations for boundary layer processes, precipitation, and radiation.

NWP:

A previsão numérica do tempo usa o estado instantâneo da atmosfera como dados de entrada para modelos matemáticos da atmosfera, com vista à previsão do estado do tempo.
Apesar dos primeiros esforços para conseguir prever o tempo tivessem sido dados na década de 1920, foi apenas com o advento da era dos computadores que foi possível realizá-lo em tempo real. A manipulação de grandes conjuntos de dados e a realização de cálculos complexos para o conseguir com uma resolução suficientemente elevada para produzir resultados úteis requer o uso dos supercomputadores mais potentes do mundo. Um conjunto de modelos de previsão, quer à escala global quer à escala regional, são executados para criar previsões do tempo nacionais. O uso de previsões com modelos semelhantes ("model ensembles") ajuda a definir a incerteza da previsão e estender a previsão do tempo bastante mais no futuro, o que não seria possível conseguir de outro modo.

Contribuidores da Wikipédia, "Previsão numérica do tempo," Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre, http://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Previs%C3%A3o_num%C3%A9rica_do_tempo&oldid=17351675 (accessed fevereiro 9, 2010).